One
hundred years ago, on October 10 (old style and the Modern - 23
October) 1917 in Petrograd, a meeting of the Central Committee of the
Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party of Bolsheviks / RSDLP (b) /, where
it was decided to armed insurrection - the October Revolution in
Russia.
The meeting of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party took place in the underground. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was hiding from the sleuths of the Provisional Government. The party leadership gathered in the apartment Bolshevik GK Flakserman on Mercy Street on the Petrograd side.
Mainly during the meeting was the speech of Lenin. The leader of the Bolshevik Party apparently did not immediately know. Shaven,
without the usual mustache and beard, he told colleagues convincingly
why the time is ripe for an armed action, why still "early yesterday"
and "tomorrow will be too late", and why it is necessary to take power
in the coming weeks.
In
favor of the Bolshevik Party was the "explosive" growth of its
authority and popularity among the masses of the working people. The
working people, weary of war, unresolved issues about power, land and
in the world, massively voted for the Bolsheviks in the election of
deputies to the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies. Compromising
parties were losing, and the place of the Mensheviks and
Socialist-Revolutionaries in the Soviets came delegates from the
Bolshevik Party.
But a positive atmosphere in favor of the Bolsheviks could change. The bourgeoisie did not sit idly by. The
interim government has set a target output of the major cities - in
Petrograd, Moscow, Minsk - Bolshevik-minded military units, sending them
to the bullets on the front and replace the upper part of yourself. Moreover,
all the more clear it became that the bourgeois Provisional Government
headed by A. Kerensky ready to surrender Petrograd to the Germans - to
thus get rid of the main revolutionary center of the country.
Delay and wait for further development of the situation was no longer possible.
"The
Central Committee recognizes that the international position of the
Russian revolution (the revolt in the German navy, as an extreme
manifestation of the growth throughout Europe of the world socialist
revolution, then the threat of imperialist world with the aim of
strangling the revolution in Russia) - and the military situation (the
indubitable decision of the Russian bourgeoisie and Kerensky with K ° to
surrender Petrograd to the Germans), - and the acquisition of the
majority of the proletarian party in the Soviets - all this in
conjunction with the peasant revolt and the swing of popular confidence
towards our party (the elections in Moscow), and finally, an explicit n odgotovlenie
second Kornilov affair (the withdrawal of troops from Petrograd, the
dispatch of Cossacks to Petrograd, the environment Minsk by Cossacks,
etc.) - all this puts on the agenda the armed uprising ", - stated in
the resolution of the Central Committee, prepared by Lenin.
The Central Committee of the absolute majority supported Lenin. But not unanimously.
Lenin was the recognized leader of Bolshevism. Thousands,
hundreds of thousands of workers, soldiers and peasants to join the
RSDLP (b), they knew that the Bolshevik Party - a party of Lenin. Lenin, in his activity relied on the loyal companions - IV Stalin, YM Sverdlov, FE Dzerzhinsky AM Kollontai and others. But the RSDLP, which grew from the depths of social democracy, had in themselves and opportunist elements of deception. Such were the members of the Central Committee, Kamenev and Zinoviev.
Since
the beginning of February Kamenev opposed the deployment of the
revolution of the bourgeois-democratic to the proletarian. During 1917 his position moved and Zinoviev. At the historic meeting of the Central Committee, they voted against the armed uprising. But not only. A
week later, Kamenev, on its own behalf and on behalf of Zinoviev,
posted a "New Life" in the Menshevik newspaper article, which said, gave
the Bolsheviks plans to organize an armed uprising, warned the interim
government.
Opportunist position was taken, and another member of the CC - Trotsky. Joined
the Bolshevik Party a couple of months ago, in August, the former
Menshevik and "mezhrayonets" Trotsky called for the "postponement" of
the uprising. He suggested postponing the uprising in Petrograd until the convocation of II Congress of Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies. If
Lenin wanted to put before the Congress of Soviets fact fall of the
Provisional Government and the transfer of power, Trotsky actually
offered to drown the question of power in the discussions between the
Council of Delegates, among whom were the Mensheviks and SRs. A
provisional government would get the time to pull the armed forces
loyal to him ... This proposal ran counter to the requirement for the
early Lenin armed uprising.
"The issue is very serious, and the decisive moment is near. The position of the international is that the initiative should be behind us. What was afoot to turn Narva and Peter surrender, even more forces us to act. The political situation also impressive works in this direction. July 3-5, decisive action on our part would be thwarted by the fact that there was no majority behind us. Since then, our ascent goes with giant strides. Absenteeism and indifference of the masses can be explained by the fact that the masses are tired of words and resolutions. Most are now behind us. Politically, the case perfectly ripe for the transition of power ", - fixed protocol address record of Lenin.
A
few days later it held an enlarged meeting of the Central Committee of
the RSDLP (b), which again supported the line of Lenin. At
this meeting, the party of the military revolutionary center to direct
the uprising, was elected, which was responsible for the mobilization of
the Bolshevik organizations in the armed action. Party Center headed by Stalin and Sverdlov.
October
25 (November 7, New Style), with Neva thundered the guns of the cruiser
"Aurora", and detachments of revolutionary soldiers and workers
occupied after a brief storm the Winter Palace - the residence of the
last of the Provisional Government. So in Russia (and the world) opened a new era.
The
decision to move to a new era was taken at that historic meeting, on 10
(23) of October in an apartment on the Petrograd side.
Leo Zatsepilov
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